2023-02-22

kvm安装入门

kvm

安装

1	sudo apt install libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system bridge-utils virtinst libvirt-daemon libvirt-dev -y

1	sudo apt install virt-manager -y

检查组是否已经存在

sudo getent group | grep libvirt

如果不存在，请将其添加为系统组

sudo groupadd –system libvirt

#sudo adduser $USER libvirt

sudo usermod -a -G libvirt $(whoami)

newgrp libvirt

$ sudo cat /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf | egrep  "unix_sock_group|unix_sock_rw_perms" 
#unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
#unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"

sudo sed -i 's/^#\(unix_sock_group\)/\1/' /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
sudo sed -i 's/^#\(unix_sock_rw_perms\)/\1/' /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf

sudo systemctl restart libvirtd.service

sudo usermod -aG kvm $USER ?

导入qcow2

define 根据xml文件创建

1	sudo virsh define /mnt/kvm/qcow/k8s01.xml

❯ sudo virsh list –all

Id 名称状态

k8s01 关闭

创建系统

virt-install \
--virt-type kvm \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant debian9 \
--name test \
--ram 1024  \
--vcpus=1  \
--disk /home/cs/data/kvm/qcow/debian9.qcow2,size=20,bus=virtio,format=qcow2 \
--cdrom  /home/cs/data/VM/debian-9.8.0-amd64-netinst.iso    \
--network=bridge=br0,model=virtio \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--noautoconsole
--autostart

–connect 默认为qemu:///system, qemu+ssh://192.168.35.10/system

–name 这个参数就是取名字
–ram 这个参数就是分配内存以MB计数 16834就是16G
–vcpus 这个就是分配CPU的个数
–cdrom 这个就是选择镜像位置
–network=bridge 这个就是选择桥接网卡的接口 ,nat network=default/net-br
–disk path 这个参数就是为了配置虚拟机的硬盘大小 size=40 就是40G format为qcow2

–os-variant 查询 osinfo-query os（ apt -y install libosinfo-bin ）

–autostart 自动开启

添加网桥

网桥是一种在链路层实现中继，对帧进行转发的技术，根据MAC分区块，可隔离碰撞，将网络的多个网段在数据链路层连接起来的网络设备。

1
2
3

 yum install bridge-utils -y
 
apt-get  install bridge-utils -y

1	sudo brctl addbr br0

ERROR 无法在 ‘br0’ 获取接口 MTU: 没有那个设备

添加一个IP地址到虚拟网络接口

❯   brctl show | grep virbr0
virbr0		   8000.525400b51f85	   yes   		vnet0
❯ ip addr | grep -A 3 "`brctl show | grep virbr0 | awk '{print $1}'`:"
4: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:b5:1f:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br-f7d0dce2a4ae: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:c0:81:2b:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
❯ sudo ip addr add 192.168.122.1/24 dev  virbr0
[sudo] cs 的密码：
❯ 
❯ ip addr | grep -A 3 "`brctl show | grep virbr0 | awk '{print $1}'`:"
4: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:b5:1f:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.122.1/24 scope global virbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

配置ip地址方式二：ifconfig virbr0 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0

查询： ip addr | grep -A 3 “brctl show | grep virbr0 | awk '{print $1}':”

ip addr add：这是用来添加或修改网络接口地址的命令。

192.168.122.1/24：指定要添加的IP地址及其子网掩码。这里192.168.122.1是IP地址，/24表示子网掩码是255.255.255.0，也就是说网络部分是前24位，即192.168.122。

dev virbr0：指定要添加IP地址的网络设备。virbr0通常是KVM虚拟化环境中正在使用的虚拟网络接口。

容器

创建centos7

mirrors集合

阿里CentOS-7-x86_64

$ sudo virt-install   --virt-type kvm --os-type=linux --os-variant centos7 --name centos7-01 --ram 2048  --vcpus=2  --disk /home/cs/data/kvm/qcow/centos7.qcow2,size=20,bus=virtio,format=qcow2 --cdrom  /home/cs/data/kvm/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso    --network=bridge=br0,model=virtio --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole

开始安装......
正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ]    0 B/s | 1.2 MB  --:-- 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 5.7 MB/s | 9.2 MB  59:31 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 6.3 MB/s |  18 MB  53:49 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 6.7 MB/s |  27 MB  51:00 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 6.9 MB/s |  35 MB  49:24 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 7.1 MB/s |  42 MB  48:12 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'                                        |  20 GB  00:05     

域仍在运行。安装可能正在进行中。
可以重新连接到控制台以完成安装过程。

qemu:///system

磁盘格式

raw立即分配空间,裸格式，占用空间比较大，不适合远程传输,不支持快照功能，性能较好

qcow2只有需要时才会分配空间,cow(copy on write)占用空间小，适合传输，支持快照，性能比 raw 稍差

#创建虚拟磁盘
qemu-img create test.raw  10G
qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.qcow2 10G
 
#查看虚拟磁盘信息
qemu-img info test.raw
 
#调整虚拟磁盘容量大小
qemu-img resize test.raw +5G
 
#磁盘格式转换
qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 test.raw test.qcow2

快照

raw不支持快照

创建快照
virsh snapshot-create-as vm02 vm02.snap02

查看快照
virsh snapshot-list vm02

关闭虚拟机，恢复快照
virsh snapshot-revert vm02 vm02.snap02

删除快照
virsh snapshot-delete --snapshotname vm02.snap02 vm02

网络

brctl

1	brctl [参数] <bridge>

参数	说明	示例
`addbr <bridge>`	创建网桥	brctl addbr br10
`delbr <bridge>`	删除网桥	brctl delbr br10
`addif <bridge> <device>`	将网卡接口接入网桥	brctl addif br10 eth0
`delif <bridge> <device>`	删除网桥接入的网卡接口	brctl delif br10 eth0
`show <bridge>`	查询网桥信息	brctl show br10
`stp {on	off}`	启用禁用 STP
`showstp <bridge>`	查看网桥 STP 信息	brctl showstp br10
`setfd <bridge> <time>`	设置网桥延迟	brctl setfd br10 10
`showmacs <bridge>`	查看 mac 信息	brctl showmacs br10

https://www.cnblogs.com/hukey/p/6436211.html

brctl show

❯ sudo brctl show
bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
br-090d710b3e0d		8000.0242e16a3a4d	no		
br-0ab30bce63a6		8000.0242014eb90b	no

sudo brctl delbr br-090d710b3e0d
sudo ifconfig  br-090d710b3e0d down

❯ brctl show | grep br- | awk '{print $1}' | xargs -i sudo ifconfig {} down

❯ brctl show | grep br- | awk '{print $1}'| xargs -i sudo brctl delbr {}

桥接

1 2	#创建桥接网络 virsh iface-bridge eth0 br0

–network bridge=br0

virsh net-define /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml 创建


❯ sudo brctl  addbr br0
bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
br0		8000.1270c8fbe175	no		

❯sudo brctl addif br0 eth0
bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
br0		8000.1270c8fbe175	no		eth0

❯ sudo brctl stp br0 on
❯ brctl show
bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
br0		8000.1270c8fbe175	yes		eth0

net

加载网络

network-default.xml

virsh net-define /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
</br>
<network>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>f527b455-06b2-4bd2-87cd-7c4c84ef899d</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'/>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:b5:1f:85'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:d5:6c:1a' name='base' ip='192.168.122.6'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:75:fc' name='test' ip='192.168.122.8'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:e1:81' name='k8s01' ip='192.168.122.11'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:27:e6' name='k8s02' ip='192.168.122.12'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:75:61' name='k8s03' ip='192.168.122.13'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:08:24' name='k8s04' ip='192.168.122.14'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:87:5e' name='k8s05' ip='192.168.122.15'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:5d:59' name='k8s06' ip='192.168.122.16'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:dd:60' name='k8s07' ip='192.168.122.17'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:da:bb' name='k8s08' ip='192.168.122.18'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

命令

$ sudo virsh net-list --all
 名称      状态     自动开始   持久
-------------------------------------
 default   不活跃   否         是

$ sudo virsh net-autostart default
网络default标记为自动启动
#/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml

$ sudo virsh net-start default
网络 default 已开始

$ sudo virsh net-list --all
 名称      状态   自动开始   持久
-----------------------------------
 default   活动   是         是

$ sudo virsh net-destroy default
网络 default 被删除

网络 ‘default’ 未激活

https://tqdev.com/2020-kvm-network-static-ip-addresses

1	$ sudo virsh net-dumpxml default

default f527b455-06b2-4bd2-87cd-7c4c84ef899d #ip-dhcp-range

宿主机操作default.xml

##更新dhcp范围
# virsh net-update default delete ip-dhcp-range "<range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>" --live --config
# virsh net-update default add ip-dhcp-range "<range start='192.168.122.100' end='192.168.122.254'/>" --live --config

#获取name
$ sudo virsh list 
 Id   名称         状态
----------------------------
 3    centos7-01   running
 
 #获取mac
$ sudo virsh dumpxml centos7-01  | grep "mac address"
      <mac address='52:54:00:ed:75:fc'/>

#分配ip
sudo virsh net-update default add-last ip-dhcp-host "<host mac='52:54:00:ed:75:fc' name='centos7-01' ip='192.168.122.11'/>" --live --config
sudo virsh net-dumpxml default

default f527b455-06b2-4bd2-87cd-7c4c84ef899d

在虚机上重新发送DHCP请求

1 2	sudo dhclient -r && sudo dhclient dhclient -r && dhclient

ping

$ arp -a | grep 52:54:00:ed:75:fc
? (192.168.122.11) at 52:54:00:ed:75:fc [ether] on virbr0

$ ping 192.168.122.11
PING 192.168.122.11 (192.168.122.11) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.122.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.279 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.122.11: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.311 ms
^C
--- 192.168.122.11 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1022ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.279/0.295/0.311/0.016 ms

重启自动获取ip

[root@centos7-01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | grep BOOT
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=no

[root@centos7-01 ~]# sed -n '/^ONBOOT=/s/no/yes/'p /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
ONBOOT=yes
[root@centos7-01 ~]# sed -i '/^ONBOOT=/s/no/yes/' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

[root@centos7-01 ~]# systemctl restart network

ssh

systemctl status sshd.service
systemctl restart sshd.service


# sed -n "s/^#\(Port\|Listen\|PermitRoo\)/水&/"p /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#Port 22
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
#PermitRootLogin yes


#取消 sed 's/^#\(bbb\)/\1/' z.txt

1	$ sudo virsh net-edit default

Select an editor. To change later, run ‘select-editor’.

/bin/nano <—- easiest

/usr/bin/vim.tiny

Choose 1-2 [1]: 2

ifcfg-eth0

host /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml

vm /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
UUID=5ab88b14-d03b-4469-8dfa-d98872b7c97b
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.122.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.122.1
DNS1=192.168.1.1

IPADDR=192.168.122.1 #固定静态ip

libguestfs

https://libguestfs.org/

该工具包内包含的工具有virt-cat、virt-df、virt-ls、virt-copy-in、virt-copy-out、virt-edit….

1 2	sudo yum install libguestfs-tools # Fedora/RHEL/CentOS sudo apt-get install libguestfs-tools # Debian/Ubuntu

virt-edit

https://libguestfs.org/virt-edit.1.html

1 2	cs@debian:~/data/kvm$ sudo virt-edit -d base /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 -e "s/dhcp/static/" cs@debian:~/data/kvm$ sudo virt-cat base /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
UUID=65a51a6b-e278-4066-8d60-f7537080cc68
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes

不支持 “/^BOOTPROTO/s/static/dhcp/“

1
2
3

cs@debian:~/data/kvm$ sudo virt-edit -d base /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 -e "/^BOOTPROTO/s/static/dhcp/"
syntax error at (eval 1) line 1, at EOF
	...propagated at -e line 1, <STDIN> line 1.

镜像模板配置

hosts

/etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost k8s01 ::1 localhost 192.168.122.11 k8s01 192.168.122.12 k8s02 192.168.122.13 k8s03 192.168.122.14 k8s04 192.168.122.15 k8s05 192.168.122.16 k8s06

ifcfg-eth0

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=static DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.122.1 DNS1=192.168.1.1

批量创建

基于已有镜像系统

/etc/libvirt/qemu
├── base.xml
├── k8s01.xml
├── k8s02.xml
├── k8s03.xml
├── k8s04.xml
├── k8s05.xml
├── k8s06.xml
├── networks
│   ├── autostart
│   │   └── default.xml -> /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
│   └── default.xml
└── test.xml

2 directories, 10 files

virsh defline –validate k8s01.xml

k8s01.xml

/etc/libvirt/qemu/k8s01.xml
 <!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh edit k8s01
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>k8s01</name>
  <uuid>f2e97f2f-583d-4ada-a7be-f18f42053374</uuid>
  <title>192.168.1.1</title>
  <metadata>
    <libosinfo:libosinfo xmlns:libosinfo="http://libosinfo.org/xmlns/libvirt/domain/1.0">
      <libosinfo:os id="http://centos.org/centos/7.0"/>
    </libosinfo:libosinfo>
  </metadata>
  <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-q35-5.2'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='host-model' check='partial'/>
  <clock offset='utc'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/home/cs/data/kvm/qcow/centos7.qcow2'/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x04' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <target dev='sda' bus='sata'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='qemu-xhci' ports='15'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x02' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='sata' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1f' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pcie-root'/>
    <controller type='pci' index='1' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='1' port='0x10'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='2' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='2' port='0x11'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='3' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='3' port='0x12'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='4' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='4' port='0x13'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x3'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='5' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='5' port='0x14'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x4'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='6' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='6' port='0x15'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x5'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='7' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='7' port='0x16'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x6'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x03' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:ed:75:fc'/>
      <source network='default'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x01' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='unix'>
      <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <video>
      <model type='vga' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x05' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
    <rng model='virtio'>
      <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x06' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </rng>
  </devices>
</domain>

网络

default.xml

/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml 
  <!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<network>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>f527b455-06b2-4bd2-87cd-7c4c84ef899d</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'/>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:b5:1f:85'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:75:fc' name='centos7-01' ip='192.168.122.11'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

##### 批量脚本

batch.sh

#!/bin/env bash
start=4
end=6

#基础镜像和配置
baseimg=/home/cs/data/kvm/images/centos-base.qcow2
sqemu=/home/cs/data/kvm/k8s01.xml

#qemu=/etc/libvirt/qemu
qemu=/home/cs/data/kvm/qcow

#网络
net=/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
#名称domain
name=k8s0
#ip起始
bip="192.168.122.1"

copy_xml(){
	cp_xml=$qemu/$name$1.xml
	cp $sqemu $cp_xml
	uuid=$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid)
	mac1=`openssl rand -base64 8 |md5sum |cut -c1-2`
	mac2=`openssl rand -base64 8 |md5sum |cut -c1-2`

	sed -n "/<name>/s/>.*</>$name$1</"p $cp_xml
	sed -i "/<name>/s/>.*</>$name$1</" $cp_xml

	sed -n "/<uuid>/s/>.*</>$uuid</"p  $cp_xml
	sed -i "/<uuid>/s/>.*</>$uuid</" $cp_xml

	sed -n "/<title>/s/>.*</>$bip$1</"p  $cp_xml
	sed -i "/<title>/s/>.*</>$bip$1</" $cp_xml

	# mac <mac address='52:54:00:ed:xx:xx'/>
	mac="/<mac/s/address=.*'/address='52:54:00:ed:$mac1:$mac2'/"
	sed -n ${mac}p  $cp_xml
	sed -i ${mac} $cp_xml

	#磁盘名称
	file="/<source/s/file=.*'/file='\/home\/cs\/data\/kvm\/qcow\/$name$i.qcow2'/"
	sed -n ${file}p  $cp_xml
	sed -i  ${file} $cp_xml

	
}

#复制img文件
copy_qcow2(){
	for i in `seq $start $end`
	do
	{
		temp=/home/cs/data/kvm/qcow/$name$i.qcow2
		[ -f "$temp" ] && { echo "file:$temp is exist,exit shell" && exit 0;} 
		echo ">>>start copy...$name$i.qcow2"
		cp $baseimg  $temp
	    wait
		echo "copy qcow2 end"
        
        echo ">>>start copy...xml"
        copy_xml $i
        echo "copy xml end"	

	}
	done

}

#/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
allcote_ip(){
   for i in `seq $start $end`
	do
	{
        echo ">>>start allcote ip..."
        temp=$qemu/$name$i.xml
        mac=$(cat $temp | grep "<mac" | sed  "s/.*\(52.*\)'\/>/\1/")
        sed -n "/$name$i/s/mac=.* n/mac='$mac' n/"p $net
        sed -i "/$name$i/s/mac=.* n/mac='$mac' n/" $net

        virsh define $temp
        [ -n "$(command virt-edit -V)" ] || { echo "tool virt-edit is not exist,please download https://libguestfs.org/" && exit ; }
        ar="IPADDR=192.168.122.1$i"
        virt-edit -d $name$i /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 -e "s/.*ADDR=192.*/$ar/"
        wait
        changeip=$(virt-cat $name$i /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | grep IPADDR)
        echo "NAME=$name$i MAC=$mac $changeip"
        echo "end allcote ip\n"
	}
	done
	
}

copy_qcow2

allcote_ip

:<<EOF
qemu-img info base.qcow2 
image: base.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 20 GiB (21474836480 bytes)
disk size: 3.72 GiB
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 1.1
    compression type: zlib
    lazy refcounts: true
    refcount bits: 16
    corrupt: false
    extended l2: false
    
sudo yum install libguestfs-tools      # Fedora/RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt-get install libguestfs-tools  # Debian/Ubuntu

[ "${USER}" = "root" ] || { echo "user:$USER " && copy_qcow2  ;}
[ "${USER}" = "root" ] && { echo "user:$USER " && allcote_ip ;}

EOF

virsh

list

1	sudo virsh list --all

start

1 2	list=$(sudo virsh list --all --name \| grep k8s) for i in $(list);do sudo virsh start $i;done

shutdown

批量关机

1 2	list=($(sudo virsh list --name \| grep k8s)) #zsh for i in $list;do sudo virsh shutdown $i;done

迁移

migrate 热迁移

“实时迁移”或”热迁移”

1	virsh migrate --uri <destination-uri> <vm-name>

libvirtURI qemu+tcp://:/system

define 冷迁移

virsh shutdown <vm-name>
复制虚拟机的磁盘文件  ，scp、rsync 
virsh define <path-to-xml-file-on-destination>
virsh start <vm-name>

vagrant

vagrant 虚拟工具

1 2	$ sudo ln -sf /opt/vagrant/bin/vagrant /usr/local/bin/vagrant

#存储全局状态的默认目录

$ ls ~/.vagrant.d

metadata.json

vagrant box add name metadata.json
cat >metadata.json<<EOF
{
    "name": "名称", 
    "versions": [{
        "version": "版本", 
        "providers": [{
            "name": "虚拟机类型", 
            "url": "file:///home/cs/data/VM/xxx.box"
        }]
    }]
}
EOF

{
“name”: “centos/7”,
“versions”: [{
“version”: “7.1.0”,
“providers”: [{
“name”: “libvirt”,
“url”: “file:///home/cs/data/VM/centos/CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-2004_01.LibVirt.box”
}]
}]
}

add

1 2	vagrant box add centos/7 /home/cs/data/VM/centos/metadata.json

==> box: Loading metadata for box ‘/home/cs/data/VM/centos/metadata.json’
box: URL: file:///home/cs/data/VM/centos/metadata.json
==> box: Adding box ‘centos/7’ (v7.1.0) for provider: libvirt
box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///home/cs/data/VM/centos/CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-2004_01.LibVirt.box
==> box: Successfully added box ‘centos/7’ (v7.1.0) for ‘libvirt’!

list

$ vagrant box list
centos/7 (libvirt, 7.1.0)
centos/7 (virtualbox, 7.1.0)

plugin

vagrant plugin expunge –reinstall

#插件列表
vagrant plugin list

命令行界面之 Plugin https://blog.51cto.com/luciferliu/3432079

本文标题:kvm安装入门

文章作者: 阿帅

发布时间:2023年02月22日 - 22时00分

最后更新:2024年08月26日 - 12时23分

原始链接:https://chengshea.github.io/linux/virtualization/kvm/

许可协议: "署名-非商用-相同方式共享 3.0" 转载请保留原文链接及作者。

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