kvm安装入门

linuxvirtualizationkvm

kvm

安装

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sudo apt install  libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system bridge-utils virtinst libvirt-daemon libvirt-dev  -y
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sudo apt install virt-manager -y

检查组是否已经存在

sudo getent group | grep libvirt

如果不存在，请将其添加为系统组

sudo groupadd –system libvirt

#sudo adduser $USER libvirt

sudo usermod -a -G libvirt $(whoami)

newgrp libvirt

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$ sudo cat /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf | egrep  "unix_sock_group|unix_sock_rw_perms" 
#unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
#unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"

sudo sed -i 's/^#\(unix_sock_group\)/\1/' /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
sudo sed -i 's/^#\(unix_sock_rw_perms\)/\1/' /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf

sudo systemctl restart libvirtd.service

sudo usermod -aG kvm $USER ?

目录

默认存储池默认存储池 /var/lib/libvirt/images

cat /etc/libvirt/storage/default.xml | grep path

/var/lib/libvirt/images

虚拟网络配置文件作为XML文件存储在**/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks**

/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml

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sudo sed -i "s#/home/cs/data#/mnt#" `ls /etc/libvirt/qemu/k8s*.xml`

导入qcow2

define 根据xml文件创建

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sudo virsh define /mnt/kvm/qcow/k8s01.xml

❯ sudo virsh list –all

Id 名称 状态

  • k8s01 关闭

创建系统

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virt-install \
--virt-type kvm \
--os-type=linux \
--os-variant debian9 \
--name test \
--ram 1024  \
--vcpus=1  \
--disk /home/cs/data/kvm/qcow/debian9.qcow2,size=20,bus=virtio,format=qcow2 \
--cdrom  /home/cs/data/VM/debian-9.8.0-amd64-netinst.iso    \
--network=bridge=br0,model=virtio \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \
--noautoconsole
--autostart

–connect 默认为qemu:///system, qemu+ssh://192.168.35.10/system

–name 这个参数就是取名字
–ram 这个参数就是分配内存以MB计数 16834就是16G
–vcpus 这个就是分配CPU的个数
–cdrom 这个就是选择镜像位置
–network=bridge 这个就是选择桥接网卡的接口 ,nat network=default/net-br
–disk path 这个参数就是为了配置虚拟机的硬盘大小 size=40 就是40G format为qcow2

–os-variant 查询 osinfo-query os（ apt -y install libosinfo-bin ）

–autostart 自动开启

添加网桥

网桥是一种在链路层实现中继，对帧进行转发的技术，根据MAC分区块，可隔离碰撞，将网络的多个网段在数据链路层连接起来的网络设备。

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 yum install bridge-utils -y
 
apt-get  install bridge-utils -y
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sudo  brctl addbr br0

ERROR 无法在 ‘br0’ 获取接口 MTU: 没有那个设备

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❯  brctl show | grep br0
virbr0		8000.525400b51f85	yes		vnet0

配置ip地址

ifconfig virbr0 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0

ip addr | grep -A 3 “brctl show | grep br0 | awk '{print $1}':”

容器

创建centos7

mirrors集合

阿里CentOS-7-x86_64

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$ sudo virt-install   --virt-type kvm --os-type=linux --os-variant centos7 --name centos7-01 --ram 2048  --vcpus=2  --disk /home/cs/data/kvm/qcow/centos7.qcow2,size=20,bus=virtio,format=qcow2 --cdrom  /home/cs/data/kvm/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1810.iso    --network=bridge=br0,model=virtio --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole

开始安装......
正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ]    0 B/s | 1.2 MB  --:-- 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 5.7 MB/s | 9.2 MB  59:31 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 6.3 MB/s |  18 MB  53:49 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 6.7 MB/s |  27 MB  51:00 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 6.9 MB/s |  35 MB  49:24 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'        0% [                 ] 7.1 MB/s |  42 MB  48:12 正在分配 'debian9.qcow2'                                        |  20 GB  00:05     

域仍在运行。安装可能正在进行中。
可以重新连接到控制台以完成安装过程。

qemu:///system

磁盘格式

raw立即分配空间,裸格式，占用空间比较大，不适合远程传输,不支持快照功能，性能较好

qcow2只有需要时才会分配空间,cow(copy on write)占用空间小，适合传输，支持快照，性能比 raw 稍差

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#创建虚拟磁盘
qemu-img create test.raw  10G
qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.qcow2 10G
 
#查看虚拟磁盘信息
qemu-img info test.raw
 
#调整虚拟磁盘容量大小
qemu-img resize test.raw +5G
 
#磁盘格式转换
qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 test.raw test.qcow2

快照

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raw不支持快照

创建快照
virsh snapshot-create-as vm02 vm02.snap02

查看快照
virsh snapshot-list vm02

关闭虚拟机，恢复快照
virsh snapshot-revert vm02 vm02.snap02

删除快照
virsh snapshot-delete --snapshotname vm02.snap02 vm02

网络

brctl

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brctl [参数] <bridge>
参数 说明 示例
addbr <bridge> 创建网桥 brctl addbr br10
delbr <bridge> 删除网桥 brctl delbr br10
addif <bridge> <device> 将网卡接口接入网桥 brctl addif br10 eth0
delif <bridge> <device> 删除网桥接入的网卡接口 brctl delif br10 eth0
show <bridge> 查询网桥信息 brctl show br10
`stp {on off}` 启用禁用 STP
showstp <bridge> 查看网桥 STP 信息 brctl showstp br10
setfd <bridge> <time> 设置网桥延迟 brctl setfd br10 10
showmacs <bridge> 查看 mac 信息 brctl showmacs br10

https://www.cnblogs.com/hukey/p/6436211.html

brctl show

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❯ sudo brctl show
bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
br-090d710b3e0d		8000.0242e16a3a4d	no		
br-0ab30bce63a6		8000.0242014eb90b	no	
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sudo brctl delbr br-090d710b3e0d
sudo ifconfig  br-090d710b3e0d down

❯ brctl show | grep br- | awk '{print $1}' | xargs -i sudo ifconfig {} down

❯ brctl show | grep br- | awk '{print $1}'| xargs -i sudo brctl delbr {}

桥接

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#创建桥接网络
virsh iface-bridge eth0 br0

–network bridge=br0

virsh net-define /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml 创建

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❯ sudo brctl  addbr br0
bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
br0		8000.1270c8fbe175	no		

❯sudo brctl addif br0 eth0
bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
br0		8000.1270c8fbe175	no		eth0

❯ sudo brctl stp br0 on
❯ brctl show
bridge name	bridge id		STP enabled	interfaces
br0		8000.1270c8fbe175	yes		eth0

net

加载网络

network-default.xml 
virsh net-define /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
<!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
</br>
<network>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>f527b455-06b2-4bd2-87cd-7c4c84ef899d</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'/>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:b5:1f:85'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:d5:6c:1a' name='base' ip='192.168.122.6'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:75:fc' name='test' ip='192.168.122.8'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:e1:81' name='k8s01' ip='192.168.122.11'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:27:e6' name='k8s02' ip='192.168.122.12'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:75:61' name='k8s03' ip='192.168.122.13'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:08:24' name='k8s04' ip='192.168.122.14'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:87:5e' name='k8s05' ip='192.168.122.15'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:5d:59' name='k8s06' ip='192.168.122.16'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:dd:60' name='k8s07' ip='192.168.122.17'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:da:bb' name='k8s08' ip='192.168.122.18'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>

命令

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$ sudo virsh net-list --all
 名称      状态     自动开始   持久
-------------------------------------
 default   不活跃   否         是

$ sudo virsh net-autostart default
网络default标记为自动启动
#/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/autostart/default.xml

$ sudo virsh net-start default
网络 default 已开始

$ sudo virsh net-list --all
 名称      状态   自动开始   持久
-----------------------------------
 default   活动   是         是

$ sudo virsh net-destroy default
网络 default 被删除

网络 ‘default’ 未激活

https://tqdev.com/2020-kvm-network-static-ip-addresses

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$ sudo virsh net-dumpxml default
default f527b455-06b2-4bd2-87cd-7c4c84ef899d #ip-dhcp-range

宿主机操作default.xml

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##更新dhcp范围
# virsh net-update default delete ip-dhcp-range "<range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>" --live --config
# virsh net-update default add ip-dhcp-range "<range start='192.168.122.100' end='192.168.122.254'/>" --live --config

#获取name
$ sudo virsh list 
 Id   名称         状态
----------------------------
 3    centos7-01   running
 
 #获取mac
$ sudo virsh dumpxml centos7-01  | grep "mac address"
      <mac address='52:54:00:ed:75:fc'/>

#分配ip
sudo virsh net-update default add-last ip-dhcp-host "<host mac='52:54:00:ed:75:fc' name='centos7-01' ip='192.168.122.11'/>" --live --config
sudo virsh net-dumpxml default
default f527b455-06b2-4bd2-87cd-7c4c84ef899d

在虚机上重新发送DHCP请求

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sudo dhclient -r && sudo dhclient
dhclient -r &&  dhclient

ping

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$ arp -a | grep 52:54:00:ed:75:fc
? (192.168.122.11) at 52:54:00:ed:75:fc [ether] on virbr0

$ ping 192.168.122.11
PING 192.168.122.11 (192.168.122.11) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.122.11: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.279 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.122.11: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.311 ms
^C
--- 192.168.122.11 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1022ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.279/0.295/0.311/0.016 ms

重启自动获取ip

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[root@centos7-01 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | grep BOOT
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=no

[root@centos7-01 ~]# sed -n '/^ONBOOT=/s/no/yes/'p /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
ONBOOT=yes
[root@centos7-01 ~]# sed -i '/^ONBOOT=/s/no/yes/' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

[root@centos7-01 ~]# systemctl restart network

ssh

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systemctl status sshd.service
systemctl restart sshd.service


# sed -n "s/^#\(Port\|Listen\|PermitRoo\)/水&/"p /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#Port 22
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
#PermitRootLogin yes


#取消 sed 's/^#\(bbb\)/\1/' z.txt
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$ sudo virsh net-edit default

Select an editor. To change later, run ‘select-editor’.

  1. /bin/nano <—- easiest
  2. /usr/bin/vim.tiny

Choose 1-2 [1]: 2

ifcfg-eth0

host /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml

vm /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
UUID=5ab88b14-d03b-4469-8dfa-d98872b7c97b
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes

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TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.122.1
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.122.1
DNS1=192.168.1.1

IPADDR=192.168.122.1 #固定静态ip

libguestfs

https://libguestfs.org/

该工具包内包含的工具有virt-cat、virt-df、virt-ls、virt-copy-in、virt-copy-out、virt-edit….

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sudo yum install libguestfs-tools      # Fedora/RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt-get install libguestfs-tools  # Debian/Ubuntu

virt-edit

https://libguestfs.org/virt-edit.1.html

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cs@debian:~/data/kvm$ sudo virt-edit -d base /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 -e "s/dhcp/static/" 
cs@debian:~/data/kvm$ sudo virt-cat base /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
UUID=65a51a6b-e278-4066-8d60-f7537080cc68
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes

不支持 “/^BOOTPROTO/s/static/dhcp/“

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cs@debian:~/data/kvm$ sudo virt-edit -d base /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 -e "/^BOOTPROTO/s/static/dhcp/"
syntax error at (eval 1) line 1, at EOF
	...propagated at -e line 1, <STDIN> line 1.

镜像模板配置

hosts

/etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost k8s01 ::1 localhost 192.168.122.11 k8s01 192.168.122.12 k8s02 192.168.122.13 k8s03 192.168.122.14 k8s04 192.168.122.15 k8s05 192.168.122.16 k8s06

ifcfg-eth0

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 TYPE=Ethernet PROXY_METHOD=none BROWSER_ONLY=no BOOTPROTO=static DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy NAME=eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ONBOOT=yes NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.122.1 DNS1=192.168.1.1

批量创建

基于已有镜像系统

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/etc/libvirt/qemu
├── base.xml
├── k8s01.xml
├── k8s02.xml
├── k8s03.xml
├── k8s04.xml
├── k8s05.xml
├── k8s06.xml
├── networks
│   ├── autostart
│   │   └── default.xml -> /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
│   └── default.xml
└── test.xml

2 directories, 10 files

virsh defline –validate k8s01.xml

k8s01.xml 
/etc/libvirt/qemu/k8s01.xml
 <!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh edit k8s01
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>k8s01</name>
  <uuid>f2e97f2f-583d-4ada-a7be-f18f42053374</uuid>
  <title>192.168.1.1</title>
  <metadata>
    <libosinfo:libosinfo xmlns:libosinfo="http://libosinfo.org/xmlns/libvirt/domain/1.0">
      <libosinfo:os id="http://centos.org/centos/7.0"/>
    </libosinfo:libosinfo>
  </metadata>
  <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-q35-5.2'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='host-model' check='partial'/>
  <clock offset='utc'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/home/cs/data/kvm/qcow/centos7.qcow2'/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x04' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <target dev='sda' bus='sata'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='qemu-xhci' ports='15'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x02' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='sata' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1f' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pcie-root'/>
    <controller type='pci' index='1' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='1' port='0x10'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='2' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='2' port='0x11'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='3' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='3' port='0x12'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='4' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='4' port='0x13'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x3'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='5' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='5' port='0x14'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x4'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='6' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='6' port='0x15'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x5'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='7' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='7' port='0x16'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x6'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x03' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:ed:75:fc'/>
      <source network='default'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x01' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='unix'>
      <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <video>
      <model type='vga' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x05' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
    <rng model='virtio'>
      <backend model='random'>/dev/urandom</backend>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x06' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </rng>
  </devices>
</domain>
网络
default.xml 
/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml 
  <!--
WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE
OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:
  virsh net-edit default
or other application using the libvirt API.
-->
<network>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>f527b455-06b2-4bd2-87cd-7c4c84ef899d</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'/>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <mac address='52:54:00:b5:1f:85'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
      <host mac='52:54:00:ed:75:fc' name='centos7-01' ip='192.168.122.11'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>
##### 批量脚本

batch.sh

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#!/bin/env bash
start=4
end=6

#基础镜像和配置
baseimg=/home/cs/data/kvm/images/centos-base.qcow2
sqemu=/home/cs/data/kvm/k8s01.xml

#qemu=/etc/libvirt/qemu
qemu=/home/cs/data/kvm/qcow

#网络
net=/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
#名称domain
name=k8s0
#ip起始
bip="192.168.122.1"

copy_xml(){
	cp_xml=$qemu/$name$1.xml
	cp $sqemu $cp_xml
	uuid=$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid)
	mac1=`openssl rand -base64 8 |md5sum |cut -c1-2`
	mac2=`openssl rand -base64 8 |md5sum |cut -c1-2`

	sed -n "/<name>/s/>.*</>$name$1</"p $cp_xml
	sed -i "/<name>/s/>.*</>$name$1</" $cp_xml

	sed -n "/<uuid>/s/>.*</>$uuid</"p  $cp_xml
	sed -i "/<uuid>/s/>.*</>$uuid</" $cp_xml

	sed -n "/<title>/s/>.*</>$bip$1</"p  $cp_xml
	sed -i "/<title>/s/>.*</>$bip$1</" $cp_xml

	# mac <mac address='52:54:00:ed:xx:xx'/>
	mac="/<mac/s/address=.*'/address='52:54:00:ed:$mac1:$mac2'/"
	sed -n ${mac}p  $cp_xml
	sed -i ${mac} $cp_xml

	#磁盘名称
	file="/<source/s/file=.*'/file='\/home\/cs\/data\/kvm\/qcow\/$name$i.qcow2'/"
	sed -n ${file}p  $cp_xml
	sed -i  ${file} $cp_xml

	
}

#复制img文件
copy_qcow2(){
	for i in `seq $start $end`
	do
	{
		temp=/home/cs/data/kvm/qcow/$name$i.qcow2
		[ -f "$temp" ] && { echo "file:$temp is exist,exit shell" && exit 0;} 
		echo ">>>start copy...$name$i.qcow2"
		cp $baseimg  $temp
	    wait
		echo "copy qcow2 end"
        
        echo ">>>start copy...xml"
        copy_xml $i
        echo "copy xml end"	

	}
	done

}

#/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml
allcote_ip(){
   for i in `seq $start $end`
	do
	{
        echo ">>>start allcote ip..."
        temp=$qemu/$name$i.xml
        mac=$(cat $temp | grep "<mac" | sed  "s/.*\(52.*\)'\/>/\1/")
        sed -n "/$name$i/s/mac=.* n/mac='$mac' n/"p $net
        sed -i "/$name$i/s/mac=.* n/mac='$mac' n/" $net

        virsh define $temp
        [ -n "$(command virt-edit -V)" ] || { echo "tool virt-edit is not exist,please download https://libguestfs.org/" && exit ; }
        ar="IPADDR=192.168.122.1$i"
        virt-edit -d $name$i /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 -e "s/.*ADDR=192.*/$ar/"
        wait
        changeip=$(virt-cat $name$i /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | grep IPADDR)
        echo "NAME=$name$i MAC=$mac $changeip"
        echo "end allcote ip\n"
	}
	done
	
}

copy_qcow2

allcote_ip

:<<EOF
qemu-img info base.qcow2 
image: base.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 20 GiB (21474836480 bytes)
disk size: 3.72 GiB
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
    compat: 1.1
    compression type: zlib
    lazy refcounts: true
    refcount bits: 16
    corrupt: false
    extended l2: false
    
sudo yum install libguestfs-tools      # Fedora/RHEL/CentOS
sudo apt-get install libguestfs-tools  # Debian/Ubuntu

[ "${USER}" = "root" ] || { echo "user:$USER " && copy_qcow2  ;}
[ "${USER}" = "root" ] && { echo "user:$USER " && allcote_ip ;}

EOF

virsh

list

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sudo virsh list --all

start

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list=$(sudo virsh list  --all --name  | grep k8s)
for i in $(list);do sudo virsh start $i;done

shutdown

批量关机

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list=($(sudo virsh list --name | grep k8s))    #zsh
for i in $list;do sudo virsh shutdown $i;done

vagrant

vagrant 虚拟工具

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$ sudo ln -sf /opt/vagrant/bin/vagrant  /usr/local/bin/vagrant

#存储全局状态的默认目录

$ ls ~/.vagrant.d

metadata.json

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vagrant box add name metadata.json
cat >metadata.json<<EOF
{
    "name": "名称", 
    "versions": [{
        "version": "版本", 
        "providers": [{
            "name": "虚拟机类型", 
            "url": "file:///home/cs/data/VM/xxx.box"
        }]
    }]
}
EOF

{
“name”: “centos/7”,
“versions”: [{
“version”: “7.1.0”,
“providers”: [{
“name”: “libvirt”,
“url”: “file:///home/cs/data/VM/centos/CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-2004_01.LibVirt.box”
}]
}]
}

add

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vagrant box add centos/7 /home/cs/data/VM/centos/metadata.json

==> box: Loading metadata for box ‘/home/cs/data/VM/centos/metadata.json’
box: URL: file:///home/cs/data/VM/centos/metadata.json
==> box: Adding box ‘centos/7’ (v7.1.0) for provider: libvirt
box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///home/cs/data/VM/centos/CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-2004_01.LibVirt.box
==> box: Successfully added box ‘centos/7’ (v7.1.0) for ‘libvirt’!

list

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$ vagrant box list
centos/7 (libvirt, 7.1.0)
centos/7 (virtualbox, 7.1.0)

plugin

vagrant plugin expunge –reinstall

#插件列表
vagrant plugin list

命令行界面之 Plugin https://blog.51cto.com/luciferliu/3432079

本文标题:kvm安装入门

文章作者: 阿帅

发布时间:2023年02月22日 - 22时00分

最后更新:2023年11月05日 - 14时42分

原始链接:https://chengshea.github.io/linux/virtualization/kvm/

许可协议: "署名-非商用-相同方式共享 3.0" 转载请保留原文链接及作者。

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文章目录
  1. 1. kvm
    1. 1.1. 安装
    2. 1.2. 目录
    3. 1.3. 导入qcow2
      1. 1.3.1. define 根据xml文件创建
    4. 1.4. 创建系统
      1. 1.4.1. 添加网桥
      2. 1.4.2. 创建centos7
    5. 1.5. 磁盘格式
    6. 1.6. 快照
    7. 1.7. 网络
      1. 1.7.1. brctl
      2. 1.7.2. 桥接
      3. 1.7.3. net
      4. 1.7.4. ifcfg-eth0
    8. 1.8. libguestfs
      1. 1.8.1. virt-edit
    9. 1.9. 镜像模板配置
      1. 1.9.1. hosts
      2. 1.9.2. ifcfg-eth0
      3. 1.9.3. 批量创建
        1. 1.9.3.1. 网络
  2. 2. virsh
    1. 2.1. list
    2. 2.2. start
    3. 2.3. shutdown
  3. 3. vagrant
    1. 3.1. add
    2. 3.2. list
    3. 3.3. plugin
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